{"id":893,"date":"2015-12-17T13:47:50","date_gmt":"2015-12-17T18:47:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www2.law.temple.edu\/voices\/?p=893"},"modified":"2016-07-28T12:09:14","modified_gmt":"2016-07-28T16:09:14","slug":"public-health-consequences-of-islamophobia","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www2.law.temple.edu\/voices\/public-health-consequences-of-islamophobia\/","title":{"rendered":"Public Health Consequences of Islamophobia"},"content":{"rendered":"

Donald Trump has built his presidential campaign on demonizing immigrant and religious minorities without regard for the damage he instills. At Tuesday night\u2019s Republican presidential debate<\/a> it was more of the same. In the wake of Trump\u2019s anti-Muslim rhetoric, there have been a record number<\/a> of threats, harassment and vandalism to mosques, as well as attacks<\/a> on individuals perceived to be Muslim. Muslim-Americans report<\/a> feeling fearful, and anxious for themselves and their families. It is a difficult time for law-abiding Muslims in America.<\/p>\n

Two decades of public health scholarship confirms that this type of hatred directed at one group of people, along with the harassment, discrimination and segregation that follow, has a pernicious impact on health. Hatred stigmatizes and marginalizes its targets, limits access to life\u2019s opportunities and reduces the freedom to freely partake in life\u2019s enjoyments. It can incite threats and violence and internalized self-hatred. The constant stress of being targeted risks cardiovascular disease, hypertension, anxiety and depression. \u00a0As the nation aspires to achieve health equity,<\/a> the impact of Trump\u2019s disparaging divisive rhetoric will exacerbate troublesome health disparities.<\/p>\n

Beginning on the day he launched his campaign with a speech<\/a> vilifying Mexican Americans as drug traffickers, criminals and rapists, Donald Trump\u2019s presidential run has championed intolerance and demagoguery.\u00a0 He now has the Muslim community in his cross-hairs.<\/a> making false and discredited claims<\/a> that a group of thousands of people with a \u201cheavy Arab population\u201d cheered as the Twin Towers collapsed He has suggested a Muslim American registry<\/a>, the closure and monitoring<\/a> of mosques and a plan<\/a> to ban Muslims from entering the U.S.<\/p>\n

Authorities report bomb threats and death threats made to mosques,<\/em> the beating of a Muslim store owner by a customer who reportedly said\u00a0\u201cI\u2019ll kill Muslims\u201d, <\/em>vandalism, fire at a Somali restaurant, and a severed\u00a0pig\u2019s head\u00a0left outside a mosque.\u00a0 \u201cA pigs head at a mosque in Philadelphia, a girl harassed at a school in New York, hate mail sent to a New Jersey mosque \u2026 I can\u2019t event count the amount of hate mail and threats we have received,\u201d said<\/a> Ibrahim Hooper, a spokesman for the nation\u2019s largest Muslim civil rights group\u00a0 Council for American-Islamic Relations<\/a> (CAIR). A few days ago the CAIR D.C. headquarters of was evacuated<\/a> after staff opened a hate-filled letter containing a suspicious substance.<\/p>\n

\n
\"Donald<\/a>

Photo: Gage Skidmore<\/p><\/div>\n

 <\/p>\n

Related: Professor Peter Spiro on why Donald Trump’s proposed ban on Muslims is both awful and constitutional.<\/a><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n

Public health scholars have developed a large body of research showing this type of hate-based activity has a damaging and pervasive effect on the physical and mental health of populations. Experiences of racial discrimination and racism have frequently been associated with negative psychological outcomes<\/a>, such as anxiety, depression and psychological distress.\u00a0 Increased hypertension<\/a> in African Americans has been linked to racial discrimination. \u00a0Racial segregation has been associated with poor pregnancy outcomes<\/a> in African American women.<\/p>\n

Harassment and discrimination based on sexual orientation show similar negative health outcomes. A study<\/a> of lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgendered (LGBT) high school students living in Boston neighborhoods with high incidents of LGBT assault found the teens were significantly more likely to report suicidal ideation or attempts. \u00a0Another study<\/a> found that sexual minorities living in high prejudice areas had an increased risk of mortality compared to people living in more accepting communities.<\/p>\n

A few researchers have explored the impact of Islamophobia on the mental and physical health of Muslims. The Runnymede Trust<\/a>, an independent race equality think tank in the United Kingdom, issued the influential report in 1997, Islamophobia \u2013 a Challenge for Us All,<\/a> to understand the impact and extent of Anti-Muslim prejudice in England.\u00a0 They noted<\/a> a significant social exclusion and exposure to physical violence and harassment with the consequence that Muslims were not able to play a full part in society.<\/p>\n

\n

“The constant stress of being targeted risks cardiovascular disease, hypertension, anxiety and depression. \u00a0As the nation aspires to achieve health equity, the impact of Trump\u2019s disparaging divisive rhetoric will exacerbate troublesome health disparities.”<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

Two more recent studies evaluating the impact of anti-Muslim discrimination focused on health changes since 9\/11.\u00a0 A study<\/a> of members of the British Muslim community before and after 9\/11 showed exposure to the increase in anti-Muslim discrimination worsened blood pressure, cholesterol, BMI and self-assessed general health.\u00a0 A similar study<\/a> of Arab Americans in Detroit found post 9\/11 abuses and discrimination were associated with increased psychological distress, reduced levels of happiness, and worse health status.<\/em><\/p>\n

To be sure, Trump is not the only<\/a> presidential candidate or politician engaged in anti-Muslim hate rhetoric. Jeb Bush has said he would allow Christian refugees from Syria in the country\u2014but not Muslims. Ben Carson has said he would not support a Muslim for president because faith might not be \u201cconsistent\u201d with the U.S. Constitution. Ted Cruz has attended numerous events sponsored by anti-Muslim hate groups. But Trump\u2019s extremism and its widespread media coverage has led other candidates to worsen<\/a> their campaign rhetoric and immigration proposals to keep up.<\/p>\n

It may be, as the on line news source Vox<\/a> suggests, Trump\u2019s rhetoric is a politically motivated ploy to keep himself in the middle of a media firestorm and feed the fear of his followers. It may be his way to distinguish himself from his fellow candidates as a \u201cstraight talker.\u201d No matter. He spews hatred which begets more hatred and causes real health related harm to the communities he slanders.<\/p>\n

\n

This post originally appeared on Philly.com’s “The Public’s Health” Blog<\/a>.\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Donald Trump has built his presidential campaign on demonizing immigrant and religious minorities without regard for the damage he instills. At Tuesday night\u2019s Republican presidential debate it was more of the same. In the wake of Trump\u2019s anti-Muslim rhetoric, there have been a record number of threats, harassment and vandalism to mosques, as well as attacks on individuals perceived to be Muslim. Muslim-Americans report feeling fearful, and anxious for themselves and their families. It is a difficult time for law-abiding Muslims in America. Two decades of public health scholarship confirms that this type of hatred directed at one group of people, along with the harassment, discrimination and segregation that follow, has a pernicious impact on health. Hatred stigmatizes and marginalizes its targets, limits access to life\u2019s opportunities and reduces the freedom to freely partake in life\u2019s enjoyments. It can incite threats and violence and internalized self-hatred. The constant stress of being targeted risks cardiovascular disease, hypertension, anxiety and depression. \u00a0As the nation aspires to achieve health equity, the impact of Trump\u2019s disparaging divisive rhetoric will …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":355,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[8],"tags":[226,238,233,166],"audience":[],"coauthors":[86],"class_list":["post-893","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-faculty-commentary","tag-donald-trump","tag-islamophobia","tag-politics","tag-public-health"],"yoast_head":"\r\nPublic Health Consequences of Islamophobia - Voices at Temple<\/title>\r\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"A few researchers have explored the impact of Islamophobia on the mental and physical health of Muslims.\u00a0They\u00a0noted\u00a0social exclusion and exposure to physical violence and harassment with the consequence that Muslims were not able to play a full part in society.\" \/>\r\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\r\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www2.law.temple.edu\/voices\/public-health-consequences-of-islamophobia\/\" \/>\r\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\r\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\r\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Public Health Consequences of Islamophobia - 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