{"id":2326,"date":"2022-03-06T22:08:06","date_gmt":"2022-03-07T03:08:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www2.law.temple.edu\/lppp\/?p=2326"},"modified":"2022-07-19T21:04:05","modified_gmt":"2022-07-20T01:04:05","slug":"chronicling-days-eight-through-eleven-of-the-information-war","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www2.law.temple.edu\/lppp\/chronicling-days-eight-through-eleven-of-the-information-war\/","title":{"rendered":"Chronicling Days Eight through Eleven of the Information War"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Alexander Rojavin \u201920, Law & Public Policy Scholar<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Alexander Rojavin is a multilingual intelligence, media, and policy analyst specializing in information warfare. He is currently working on a book on modern Russian cinema as a key battlefield in the Kremlin\u2019s information war. He is also co-chair of the Symposium on Disinformation Studies. In his spare time, he moonlights as a published literary translator (Routledge, Slavica Publishers, forthcoming Academic Studies Press).<\/em><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

What follows is an attempt to chronicle key events and trends on the information battlefield from day eight through day eleven of what Garry Kasparov has been calling the third world war.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

These four days constitute a period marked by:
(1) Very slowly mounting protests and strikes across Russia as its economy deteriorates.
(2) The continued rallying of Ukrainians from around the world, in cities not under siege, in cities currently under siege, and in towns that have been\u2014as the Ukrainian TV hosts and leaders (accurately) describe them\u2014temporarily occupied.
(3) Plunging tolerance in the Kremlin for anything even remotely resembling dissent, as the leaders of Mordor try to make up for what they failed to close down or take over in their 22 years in power.
(4) Ukraine\u2019s concerted efforts to convince the West to implement a no-fly zone.
(5) Increasingly barbarous attacks by Russian troops on Ukrainian civilians, including in residential areas, humanitarian convoys, and evacuation routes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A brief note about Mordor and orcs: for close to a decade, if not longer, the Russian-speaking liberal elite has called Russia \u201cMordor,\u201d and with the invasion, Russia\u2019s armed forces have been labeled \u201corcs.\u201d The analogy is not a difficult one\u2014post-Soviet Russia, like Mordor, knows only one way of waging war: swarming the enemy with orcs, whose lives their leadership has never valued, and terrorizing civilians. In an attempt to popularize this analogy for English-speakers, I will hereafter also use this terminology, which is currently saturating the Ukrainian and liberal Russian-speaking internet.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Day Eight<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Day eight saw the second round of direct negotiations. As we know today, those negotiations yielded little, as their only real agreement\u2014a ceasefire for the purpose of establishing humanitarian corridors\u2014has been violated by the Russian orcs repeatedly.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the orcs occupied the southern city of Kherson, Russian media immediately began pushing a fake about the city wanting to join Mordor, alias the Russian Federation. To fuel this narrative, busloads of Russian sympathizers made their way into Kherson from Crimea, along with humanitarian cargo. The Russian plan was to occupy Kherson, deny it logistical contact with the rest of Ukraine, then (1) stage a pro-Russian rally attended entirely by the touring \u201cactors\u201d from Crimea and (2) film the locals\u2019 gladly accepting Russian humanitarian aid.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The plan failed immediately. Locals got their hands on a stash of Ukrainian flags and took to the streets, chanting \u201cKherson is Ukraine\u201d and \u201cGo home!\u201d Moreover, the locals, despite the cold and hunger, refused to accept the Russians\u2019 aid. The spectacle failed. Russia\u2019s propaganda was left with little fuel.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kremlin mouthpieces instead turned to other content\u2014Putin\u2019s speech, for example. In this speech, the \u201cmindless dwarf,\u201d as many Ukrainians have begun to call him, reiterated the usual detached-from-reality litany of grievances and aims. He managed to utter the words, \u201cEverything is going according to plan.\u201d One need only consult the list of Russian casualties (>11,000 at the time of this writing) to arch an eyebrow.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the Russians captured Kherson\u2019s TV tower and began broadcasting 24 Russian channels, in Russia itself, Roskomnadzor issued a series of new bans, this time on BBC, Meduza<\/em>, and Facebook.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Day Nine<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trying to rein in Kherson\u2019s rudely uncooperative locals, Russian troops severed the city\u2019s mobile networks. Khersonians responded by hoisting Ukrainian flags and rallying anew.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Meanwhile, in Russia, the Duma looked to punish the West legislatively\u2014and so it expanded an act known as \u201cDima Yakovlev\u2019s Law,\u201d originally passed in 2012 in an equally inhumane and head-scratching attempt to punish the West. After the United States passed the Magnitsky Act<\/a>, the Duma hit back with Dima Yakovlev\u2019s Law<\/a>, which forbade Americans from adopting Russian orphans, thereby denying uncounted Russian children the chance at a better life (this was in 2012, people\u2014we were already dealing with Mordor back then and even further back too). Now, this law forbids any foreign national who has \u201ctaken part in infringing on Russians\u2019 rights and liberties\u201d from adopting Russian orphans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Not waiting to rest on its laurels, Roskomnadzor continued to dish out bans. No longer content with silencing news outlets (now joined by Deutsche Welle<\/em>, while the liberal-adjacent Novaya Gazeta<\/em> was forced to delete all published materials about the \u201cwar\u201d), Roskomnadzor dropped the ban-hammer on Twitter and YouTube, along with Apple and Google services. Facebook, which had earlier been partially banned, was now no longer accessible at all.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As Roskomnadzor instituted silence among the remnants of Russia\u2019s dissenters, the Kremlin\u2019s mouthpieces rallied around a new narrative strain. Apparently, while no one was looking, President Zelensky has fled Ukraine and was hiding in Poland. Russian outlets spread this strain on TV, radio, and online. Unsurprisingly, the fake was quickly dispelled for audiences outside Russia\u2019s descending information curtain when President Zelensky recorded another video of himself in Kyiv. Another testament to how much more agile Ukraine has been in the information war and how almost disappointingly slow Russia has been to adapt, resorting to such crude tactics as bans in an era of VPNs and Tor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As a fun aside, Apple Maps got hacked, and the Russian \u201cMinistry of Defense\u201d was changed to say \u201cMinistry of Fascism.\u201d Roskomnadzor was not amused, but could not do anything but unimaginatively threaten to ban Apple.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At this point, a keen observer could tell that an inflection point had been reached. As Ukrainian generals reported that their forces had begun a cautious counter-attack near Kharkiv, the tone of the \u201ccommercials\u201d (more like interludes) being played on the TV-livestream news marathon had evolved. Whereas in the war\u2019s first days, all the interludes told the viewers that \u201cwe are all in this together,\u201d these interludes were now augmented with new ones imploring the viewers to look to the future and consider the gem of European liberalism that they would build after their impending victory.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Day Ten<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

On the war\u2019s tenth day, protests in occupied Kherson and Berdyansk continued, with the latter being so unwavering that the orcs, unsure of what to make of the fearless crowd, actually left the city for a bit to gather themselves. A similar protest took place in Zaporizhia, close to where Russian marauders had occupied Europe\u2019s largest nuclear power plant, on which they opened fire two days prior.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As Kremlin mouthpieces continued to lack any real military victories about which to crow, they fell back on two familiar narratives. The first was widespread pro-Russian sentiment, which they accompanied with clips of pro-Russia rallies\u2026from 2014. The second was an insidious strain that was one of the main ones originally justifying the invasion. This strain claims that the United States has several laboratories in Ukraine in which the Western hypocrites are developing dangerous biological weapons. (A related strain is that Ukraine has been on the verge of acquiring nuclear weaponry, hence why Russia needed to intervene).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Meanwhile, six major Russian oligarchs had now voiced opposition to the war. Not enough.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Day Eleven<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

While the invaders tried to impose their will in Kherson, they continued to be repelled to the northwest by the city of Mykolaiv. Elsewhere, their barbarism rose to yet newer levels, as they bombarded civilians trying to evacuate from the town of Irpin in the Kyiv Oblast and shelled humanitarian convoys across the country. In the surrounded city of Mariupol, the Russians violated the agreed-upon ceasefire for the second day in a row, yet again preventing the creation of a humanitarian corridor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Protests in Russia continue to mount\u2014nearly 5,000 arrests have been made since the war began\u2014though they are still wildly insufficient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

By this point, Roskomnadzor is simply rampaging across Russia\u2019s media space. With all major liberal-adjacent outlets gone, it is now looking to the next tier (in terms of popularity or prestige) of such sources. On this day, for example, it banned Republic<\/em> and Mediazone<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Also on this day, President Zelensky recognized the heroic leadership of several regional and municipal heads. While they have undoubtedly outdone themselves as wartime administrators, some of these governors and mayors\u2019 digital competence is also another point in Ukraine\u2019s favor in the information war. For example, Vitali Kim, governor of the Mykolaiv Oblast, routinely posts selfie videos from his phone, maintaining constant contact with the world generally and specifically with those who democratically entrusted themselves to his care. Whether it is rallying his constituents around a newly-captured armored vehicle or simply informing his viewers of the results of a battle (on day ten, the Russian attack on the city of Mykolaiv left three Ukrainians wounded, seventy Russians dead, and several pieces of Russian tech in Ukrainian hands), his agility in the digital realm is a constant source of motivation and information for his allies\u2014and irritation and demoralization for his foes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Concluding Thoughts<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Maybe anecdotes rather than thoughts. Demonstrations of the Ukrainian spirit and ability to maintain a good sense of humor irrespective of hardships.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A few illustrations.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(1) A Russian occupier is stopped by an elderly woman in a town in the Kherson Oblast. She offers him sunflower seeds. \u201cWhy,\u201d he asks. \u201cYou came to our land. Put the seeds in your pocket. At least sunflowers will grow from the ground when you die here.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(2) In the city of Odessa, a group of hobos delivered bags of empty bottles to the Ukrainian troops. Empty bottles. To make Molotovs. Meanwhile, prisoners are asking to be released from prison so they can fight. Even the homeless are defending the country in which they have no housing and prisoners are defending the country in which they are incarcerated.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(3) In occupied Kherson, a Russian soldier by a tank stops a woman driving by him. She opens her window. The following dialogue takes place.
Her (aggressively<\/em>): What\u2019s the matter?
Him (taken aback<\/em>): What do you mean?
Her: Exactly what I said.
Him: Well, maybe you\u2019re going somewhere\u2026
Her: Maybe you\u2019re<\/em> going somewhere!
Him: I mean maybe you\u2019re carrying some sort of weapon.
Her: Maybe you\u2019re<\/strong><\/em> carrying some sort of weapon!
Him (unsure, eyes his machine gun<\/em>): This is my weapon.
Her: Well this is mine!
She closes her window and drives off.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

One final thought. Viktor Shenderovich, one of Russia\u2019s most prominent satirists who was, until December, the last clear-eyed commentator left in Russia, characterized the situation as follows: it is a telling referendum when a government is not afraid of arming its own citizens. Ukraine\u2019s government has armed tens of thousands of its citizens, and they have accepted those arms and turned around to defend their government and the freedom for which it stands.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the twelfth day dawns, the Kremlin openly announced earlier that it would be bombing targets in Ukrainian cities. These targets are almost all located in residential areas.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As President Zelensky said yesterday: \u201cMankind should make demands of terrorists. Not vice versa.\u201d The West must act more decisively.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Alexander Rojavin \u201920, Law & Public Policy Scholar Alexander Rojavin is a multilingual intelligence, media, and policy analyst specializing in information warfare. He is currently working on a book on modern Russian cinema as a key battlefield in the Kremlin\u2019s information war. He is also co-chair of the Symposium on Disinformation Studies. In his spare time, he moonlights as a published literary translator (Routledge, Slavica Publishers, forthcoming Academic Studies Press). What follows is an attempt to chronicle key events and … <\/p>\n

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He is currently working on a book on modern Russian cinema as a key battlefield in the Kremlin\u2019s information war. He is also co-chair of the Symposium on Disinformation Studies. In his spare time, he moonlights as a published literary translator (Routledge, Slavica Publishers, forthcoming Academic Studies Press). What follows is an attempt to chronicle key events and ... 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